Noble Gases and Their Properties – Competitive Chemistry

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Competitive Chemistry topic – “Noble Gases and Their Properties”, is important for all competitive exams like CET- Common eligibility Test, SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, RRB NTPC, UPSC and for other state civil service exams. In these exams, almost 4-5 Questions are coming from Chemistry. Let’s start the topic:

Noble Gases and Their Properties:

Helium, Neon, Argon, Krypton, Xenon and Radon are known as Inert Gases or Noble Gases.
These elements are all in group 18 of the periodic table
These are always found in the free-state but radon is not present in nature in free-State.
Noble gases’ outer shells are full, they are very inert and stable. This means they don’t tend to react with other elements to form compounds.
They are full outer shell of electrons. Helium has two electrons in its outer shell and the rest have eight electrons.
All of them are monoatomic, meaning each molecule is a single atom.
They are gases under standard conditions.
They are colorless and odourless.
Their melting and boiling points are close together giving them a very narrow liquid range.
In the atmosphere, argon is the most abundant noble gas but in the universe, helium is the most abundant gas.
The mixture of Helium and Oxygen is used for artificial breathing of Asthma patients and by sea drivers.
Helium is used as a pressuring agent in rockets to expel liquid oxygen and liquid hydrogen.
Neon is second lightest noble gases, only helium is lighter than neon.
Neon is used in a neon discharge lamp and signs for advertising purposes.
Neon can be liquefied and used as a cryogenic refrigerant
Xenon is also known as stranger gas and a combined mixture of xenon and krypton is used in high-intensity photographic ash tubes.
Radon is used in the preparation of an ointment for the treatment of cancer.
Argon is the 3rd most abundant gas found in the Earth’s atmosphere.
A mixture of argon and nitrogen is used in an electric bulb.
Krypton is used in high-efficiency miner’s cap lamps.

Helium:-

- - Name: Helium
  - Symbol: He
  - Atomic Number: 2
  - Atomic Weight: 4.002602 u

Helium is a gas at room temperature.
Helium is a non-toxic gas that is odourless, tasteless and colorless.
Helium is named after Helios, the Greek Titan of the Sun.
Helium is the 2nd lightest element on the periodic table and Lightest among all the inert gases.
Helium is the 2nd most abundant element found in the universe, but it considered rare on Earth.
While helium is abundant throughout the universe, Most of the helium found on Earth was formed from radioactive decay.
Helium is in the noble gas group (18) on the periodic table.
Helium has two stable isotopes: Helium-3 (3H) and Helium-4 (4H).
Helium is filled in ‘Tyres of aeroplane’ due to its non- combustion nature.
Helium is filled in the oxygen cylinder of scuba-driver.
Helium is also filled in oxygen-cylinder of asthmatic patients.

Fact: – In general oxygen cylinder which use in hospitals etc. nitrogen gas is mixed with oxygen (pure oxygen may be blast, in human body).

Use of Helium Gas:-

Helium gas used in tourist balloons, because helium is lighter than air, it can give things lift
Helium dating is a processed used to determine the age of rocks and materials.
It is used in cryogenic applications.

Neon : –

- - Name: Neon
  - Symbol: Ne
  - Atomic Number: 10
  - Atomic Weight: 20.179 u

Neon is a gas at room temperature.
Neon is a colorless and odourless gas.
Neon is in the noble gas element category on the periodic table.
“William Ramsay and Morris” first isolated and discovered to neon in 1898.
Neon has three stable isotopes and they are ²⁰Ne, ²¹Ne and ²²Ne.
Neon is the 5th most abundant element found in the universe.
A trace amounts of neon is present in the Earth’s atmosphere.
Neon is about two-thirds denser than air.
Neon is second lightest noble gases, only helium is lighter than neon.

Use of Neon gas:-

Neon can be liquefied and used as a cryogenic refrigerant.
It is used for manufacturing high-voltage indicators, television tubes, wave meter tubes switching gear, lightning arresters, diving equipment
The reddish-orange color emitted from the neon lights are used for advertising purposes
It is combined with helium to produce helium-neon lasers.

Argon:-

- - Name: Argon
  - Symbol: Ar
  - Atomic Number: 18
  - Atomic Weight: 39.948 u

Argon is a gas at room temperature.
Argon is a colorless, odourless, and tasteless gas.
Argon is a group 18 (noble gases group) chemical element. So, argon is noble gas.
British scientist John W. Strutt and Scottish chemist William Ramsay discovered and isolated to argon.
Argon has three stable isotopes: ³⁶Ar, ³⁸Ar and ⁴⁰Ar.
Over 99% of the natural argon found on Earth is ⁴⁰Ar.
Argon is the 3rd most abundant gas found in the Earth’s atmosphere.
Argon is denser than air.
Argon’s density makes it a great insulator and is injected in between double pan windows.
Argon is added into incandescent light bulbs to protect the filament from oxidation.

Use of Argon Gas:-

A mixture of argon and nitrogen is used in an electric bulb
Argon lasers are used in the treatment of retinal detachment and retinal phototherapy for those who are diabetic
It is also used in surgeries to weld arteries and destroy tumours.
In the medical field, it is mainly use in argon laser system, as it is capable of targeting areas with extreme precision.

Xenon:-

- - Name: Xenon
  - Symbol: Xe
  - Atomic Number: 54
  - Atomic Weight:293 u
Xenon is a gas at room temperature.
Xenon is a dense noble gas
Xenon is odourless and colorless. However, it does exhibit bright blue glow when placed inside an electric field.
Scottish chemist William Ramsay and English chemist Morris Travers discovered and first isolated to xenon.
Xenon is in the noble gas element category on the periodic table.
Xenon is a group 18 chemical element, which is the noble gases group.
Xenon has Isotopes ¹²⁴Xe, ¹²⁶Xe, ¹²⁸Xe, ¹²⁹Xe, ¹³⁰Xe, ¹³¹Xe, ¹³²Xe, ¹³⁴Xe and ¹³⁶
Xenon is found in the Earth’s atmosphere at trace amount about 1 part per 11.5 million.
Xenon has been detected in gases emitted from some mineral springs.

Use of xenon: –

Xenon is used in medicine as a general anesthetic and in medical imaging.
It is used in Flash lamps called Xenon flash-lamps.
It is also used in photographic flashes.
It is used to measure the flow of blood and also used to image the Brain, Heart, and Lungs.
Also, the element is used in NMR spectroscopy
Xenon is also used in high pressure arc lamps for motion picture projection, and in high pressure arc lamps to produce ultraviolet light.

Krypton:-

- - Name: Krypton
  - Symbol: Kr
  - Atomic number: 36
  - Atomic weight: 798
This noble gas is colourless and odourless.
It has a full outer shell of electrons.
Krypton is one of the rarest gases on Earth, composing only 1 part per million of the atmosphere by volume.

Use of Krypton gas:-

The gas is used into some incandescent lightbulbs.

Radon:-

- - Name: Radon
  - Symbol:Rn
  - Atomic number:86
  - Atomic weight: 222

Radon is classified as a noble gas, itis a gas at room temperature.
Radon is a colourless and odourless gas.
Radon was first detected as an emission from the radioactive decay of radium.
Radon is rare in nature
It is the densest noble gas.
It is highly radioactive and chemically unreactive.

Use of Radon Gas:-

Small amounts of radon are sometimes used by hospitals to treat some forms of cancer.
Radon is also used in radiation therapy.

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