Glasses: Types and Uses – Competitive Chemistry

Concept of – “Glasses: Types and Uses – Competitive Chemistry” is important for all competitive exams like CET- Common eligibility Test, SSC CGL, SSC CHSL, RRB NTPC, UPSC and for other state civil exams. In these exams, almost 4-5 questions are coming from Chemistry. Let’s start the topic on:-

Glasses and Their Prosperities

Glasses:

• Glass is the homogenous mixture of the silicates of various alkaline metals, various metal oxides, mainly Soda (Na₂O) and Lime (CaO).
• The glass was firstly manufactured in Egypt.
• Glass is a super cooled liquid. It is called supercooled liquid because glass is an amorphous solid. Amorphous solids have the tendency to flow but, slowly.
• It is also an inorganic non-metallic material that does not have a crystalline structure. So, the constituent particles of the glass can move.
• The main constituent of Flat Glass is SiO₂ (silica sand).
• Glass is widely used in various fields like laboratories, household products and for technological usage (labs) etc.

There are some types of Glasses: –

Flint Glass:

• Sodium, Potassium and Lead-Silicates are used in manufacturing of Flint Glass.
• These glasses mostly used in making electric bulbs, lenses of telescopes, microscopes, camera and prisms etc.

Water Glass:        

• Water glass is manufactured from the compound of sodium silicate (Na₂Si0₃) by heating sodium carbonate and silica.
• It is widely used in kitchen as a drinking glass, tube light, bottles, equipment of laboratory.

Pyrex Glass:        

• Barium Silicate and Sodium Silicate.
• It is used in the manufacturing of heat resistance glass.
• Pyrex glass is also called borosilicate glass.
• It is widely used in microwave utensils and laboratory utensils.

Photochromatic Glass:

• Photochromic glasses are often made by mixing silver chloride (AgCl).
• Photochromatic glass turns black in sharp shining light thus such glasses are used as light protector and eyes reliever.
• Due to photochromatic nature (turns black in sharp shining light) this glass is used in making eye lenses and goggles.

Xena Glass:

• Xena Glass is manufactured from zinc and barium borosilicate.
• It is soft and good quality of glass.
• It is used chemical containers and equipment for the scientific purposes.

Crown Glass:                

• It is composed by Potassium Oxide, Barium Oxide and Silica.
• This is a soda-lime-silica glass.
• Crown glass generally used in making lenses of eye glasses.

Crookes Glass:

• Crookes glass manufactured by cerium oxide (CiO₂).
• This glass absorbs the ultraviolet rays (UV) from the sunlight.
• It is used in making lenses of goggles.

Quartz Glass:                   

• Quartz glass is made by melting silica.
• It is used in making bulb of ultraviolet lamp, container of chemical reagents, laboratories equipment etc.

Bulletproof Glass:     

• Mostly bullet-resistant glass is made of polycarbonate, acrylic or glass-clad polycarbonate.
• Protection level depends on the glass material used, how it is manufactured, as well as its thickness.
• Bulletproof glass is used in security purpose such as windows of buildings that require such security, jewelry stores, military and private vehicles etc.

Color of Glasses:

During the process of preparation of glasses its various components or constituents (in the molten or fused state) are change (replaced) or added to make glasses become colored.

For More:

• • Chemistry Topics 
  • Physics Topics
  • Biology Topics

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